胸膜肺炎放线杆菌菌影疫苗免疫仔猪前后差异表达基因的鉴定与分析

为获得胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)菌影诱导的仔猪淋巴细胞差异表达基因,本研究应用代表性差异分析技术构建APP菌影免疫前后正、反两个外周血淋巴细胞cDNA差减文库,并对文库中的差异基因进行克隆、测序和生物信息学分析.试验结果表明,正向文库中获得11个表达丰度上调的基因,其中7个基因与已知基因具有相似性,4个为未知新基因,经进一步功能注解发现,正向文库功能基因包括免疫信号传导相关蛋白RhoE、防御相关蛋白糖基转移样酶-1、上皮膜蛋白2、白介素-17和肿瘤免疫相关的周期素依赖性蛋白激酶抑制因子3等,这些功能基因表达丰度升高,可能有助于机体建立抗APP的免疫应答.     

Some biochemical parameters for qualification of bull semen

Summary

Since the macroscopical and microscopical examination of bull semen does not in all cases appear to give conclusive indications concerning the fertilizing capacity, an investigation of some biochemical parameters was undertaken. It was shown that the following biochemical examination could furnish some more information about the quality of the semen: 1. Determination of the phenylalanine‐ α‐ketoglutarate transaminase activity both in the seminal plasma and in the whole semen. A high transaminase activity in the plasma points to leakage out of the spermatozoa, thus indicating an affection of the spermatozoa. In that case larger amounts of basic amino acids and of leucine were often found in the seminal plasma than would normally be observed.

2. Gas chromatographic examination of the steroids occurring both in the seminal plasma and in the spermatozoa. In a number of infertile bulls small peaks of progesterone were found together with those of other, unidentified compounds.

3. Investigation of the carbohydrate metabolism in the semen. In a number of fertile bulls the following deviations were found: a. the presence of quite a lot of fructose in the spermatozoa;

b. the presence of glucuronic acid and / of other foreign compounds in the spermatozoa or in the plasma;

c. an elevated pH in the seminal plasma some 2 to 3 hours after ejaculation;

d. a low phenylalanine‐α ‐ketoglutarate transaminase activity in the whole semen (the spermatozoa had been disrupted by freezing).

4. Investigation of the presence of reducing aldehydes (glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde) inside the spermatozoa.

The determinations mentioned under 1, 3c and 3d can easily be carried out in the laboratories of each District Animal Health Service and of the A.I. stations; the same is true of the occurrence of amino acids in the seminal plasma and of fructose and aldehydes inside the spermatozoa if facilities are available for electrophoresis and chromatography.     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌磺胺类药物耐药基因的检测

为了解河南省及周边地区规模化猪场猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)对磺胺类药物的耐药情况,本研究从河南省及周边地区49个规模化猪场的肺脏和气管中分离出79株疑似APP菌株,血清型鉴定结果显示,分离菌株为1、2、3、5、7、8、9、10型APP,采用纸片扩散法对分离株进行了耐药表型鉴定,同时采用PCR方法对磺胺类药物耐药基因进行了检测。药敏试验结果显示,APP对磺胺类药物的耐药率为100%(79/79)。根据Gen Bank中登录的序列,设计了3对特异性引物,对磺胺类药物的耐药基因Sul1、Sul2、Sul3进行扩增检测。耐药基因检测结果显示,分离的79株细菌中,Sul2基因检出率为100%(79/79),Sul1基因的检出率为79.75%(63/79),Sul3基因的检出率为89.87%(71/79),Sul1和Sul2基因同时检出率为70.89%(56/79),Sul1和Sul3同时检出率为62.03%(49/79),Sul2和Sul3基因同时检出率为77.22%(61/79)。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、肺炎支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌联合检测芯片的研制及应用

本研究旨在建立联合检测胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、猪肺炎支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌的DNA芯片.用7个从3种病菌基因组中扩增出的不同特异性靶DNA制作基因芯片,并对芯片的靶DNA和探针浓度、杂交温度、重复性、特异性和灵敏度进行了研究.结果表明,检测芯片的特异性强,能与测试的李氏放线杆菌、猪鼻支原体和副猪嗜血杆菌等9种病原区分;灵敏度高,在50μL标记反应体系中,能检测到10～50 pg基组DNA,芯片可重复利用.用芯片对44株目标菌的不同型标准菌株、分离株和疫苗株进行了检测.其信号值≥1 000,信号噪音比(SNR)≥6.用芯片对45头病猪和97头健康猪的临床样品选择培养物进行了检测,其检出率分别为多杀性巴氏杆菌71.1%和49.5%、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌42.2%和26.8%、猪肺炎支原体20%和22.7%,混合感染率分别为42.2%和24.7%.在检测临床样品时,芯片法与PCR的符合率为97.8%～100%,与分离鉴定法的符合率为87.6%～95.6%.研究表明,研制的芯片特异性强、敏感性高、可重复使用,是一种能有效用于胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、猪多杀性巴氏杆菌和猪肺炎支原体鉴定和联合检测的新工具.     

猪的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌复合PCR检测方法的建立

在已经建立猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)、猪多杀性巴氏杆菌(PM)、副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)的单项PCR诊断方法的基础上,通过对扩增条件的优化,成功地建立了APP、PM、HPS的复合PCR实验室诊断方法,利用一次PCR反应,即可同时扩增出APP的342bp、PM的457bp和HPS的821bp的特异性片段。该复合PCR能同时检测到100个每种细菌或50pg的APP或HPS的DNA和500pg的PM的DNA。该三重复合PCR的敏感性同已报道的单PCR一致。该方法的建立对临床上进行这3种疾病的鉴别诊断和混合感染的检测都具有重要意义。     

应用噬菌体随机十二肽库筛选猪传染性胸膜肺炎菌体抗原模拟表位

利用猪传染性胸膜肺炎灭活菌苗免疫日本大耳兔得到猪传染性胸膜肺炎抗血清,将血清用饱和硫酸铵粗提IgG后,经DEAE-sephadex-A50低压层析系统纯化,以此得到IgG作为配基包被酶标板,对噬菌体随机十二肽库进行3轮不同条件的富集筛选,通过改变筛选条件,噬菌体的回收率从5.76×10-5增加到了1.69×10-2,P/N值逐步提高;随机挑取10个噬菌斑进行扩增,用ELISA检测其免疫活性,结果有6个阳性克隆与纯化的IgG有较强的特异性结合能力;对筛选到的6个阳性克隆提取ssDNA进行测序,并分析其氨基酸序列,其中5个克隆所递呈的序列一致,用Blastp软件进行分析,2种类型的氨基酸序列之间无同源性,且未发现同源性50%以上的序列,提示该短肽可能模拟了猪传染性胸膜肺炎菌体的特异的抗原表位。     

乌梅等20种中药对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的体外抗菌活性研究

【目的】观察乌梅Fructus mume等20种中药的体外抗胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae活性.【方法】通过乙醇回流、水煎煮和超声波等方法对20种中药进行提取,采用二倍稀释法测定其对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的体外抗菌活性;并研究抗菌活性较强的几味中药的体外联合抑菌活性.【结果和结论】乌梅、黄连Rhizoma coptidis、诃子Terminalia chebula、秦皮Cortex fraxini、地榆Sanguisorbae officinalis、虎杖Polygonum cuspidatum 6种中药提取物对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(Minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)范围是6.25~50.00 mg/mL;大青叶Isatis indigotica、茵陈Artemisia capillaris、甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis和白鲜皮Dictamnus dasycarpus 4种中药提取物的MIC范围是50.00~100.00 mg/mL;黄柏Phellodendron amurense、杜仲Eucommia ulmoides、金银花Lonicera japonica、柴胡Bupleurum chinense、蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum、板蓝根Baphicacanthus cusia、栀子Gardenia jasminoides和黄芪Astragalus membranaceus等10种中药提取物的MIC100.00 mg/mL.联合抑菌试验结果表明,乌梅、黄连、诃子和虎杖两两联合抑菌指数(FICI)≤1,乌梅、虎杖分别与秦皮的FICI2.乌梅、黄连、诃子、虎杖、秦皮、地榆对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌均具有较好的体外抗菌活性;乌梅、黄连、诃子和虎杖两两联合为相加、协同作用;秦皮分别与乌梅、虎杖为拮抗作用.     

Transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae among weaned piglets on endemically infected farms

Clinical outbreaks due to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae occur recurrently, despite the wide-scale use of antimicrobials or vaccination. Therefore, new approaches for the prevention and control of these outbreaks are necessary. For the development of alternative measures, more insight into the transmission of the bacterium on farms is necessary. The aim of this cohort study was to quantify transmission of A. pleuropneumoniae amongst weaned piglets on farms. We investigated three possible transmission routes: (i) indirect transmission by infected piglets within the same compartment, (ii) transmission by infected pigs in adjacent pens and (iii) transmission by direct contact within pens. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of independent litter characteristics on the probability of infection. Two farms participated in our study. Serum and tonsil brush samples were collected from sows pre-farrowing. Serum was analysed for antibodies against Apx toxins and Omp. Subsequently, tonsil brush samples were collected from all piglets from these dams (N = 542) in three cohorts, 3 days before weaning and 6 weeks later. Tonsil samples were analysed by qPCR for the presence of the apxIVA gene of A. pleuropneumoniae. Before weaning, 25% of the piglets tested positive; 6 weeks later 47% tested positive. Regression and stochastic transmission models were used to assess the contribution of each of the three transmission routes and to estimate transmission rates. Transmission between piglets in adjacent pens did not differ significantly from that between non-adjacent pens. The transmission rate across pens was estimated to be 0.0058 day⁻¹ (95% CI: 0.0030–0.010), whereas the transmission rate within pens was ten times higher 0.059 day⁻¹ (95% CI: 0.048–0.072). Subsequently, the effects of parity and serological response of the dam and litter age at weaning on the probability of infection of pigs were evaluated by including these into the regression model. A higher dam ApxII antibody level was associated with a lower probability of infection of the pig after weaning; age at weaning was associated with a higher probability of infection of the pig after weaning. Finally, transmission rate estimates were used in a scenario study in which the litters within a compartment were mixed across pens at weaning instead of raising litter mates together in a pen. The results showed that the proportion of infected piglets increased to 69% if litters were mixed at weaning, indicating that farm management measures may affect spread of A. pleuropneumoniae.     

抗猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌ApxIV毒素单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

据猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,App）apxⅣ毒素基因5′端的保守区域设计一对特异性引物,应用PCR方法扩增出致病性App1~12血清型菌株的保守5′端序列片段,构建的重组质粒pETapxⅣN经IPTG诱导表达出分子量大小为35.3kDa的可溶性重组蛋白。以亲和层析试剂盒纯化的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备抗ApxⅣ毒素单克隆抗体（McAb）。以间接ELISA法筛选到两株分泌稳定、抗体亚类均为IgGl的杂交瘤细胞5B7和5C11,其培养上清和小鼠腹水抗体效价分别为1∶64、1∶128和1∶64 000、1∶128 000.两株单抗与临床猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒、猪呼吸道繁殖障碍综合征病毒、猪黄、白痢产肠毒素大肠杆菌和猪肺疫多杀性巴氏杆菌感染阳性血清均不发生交叉反应,显示出良好的特异性.竞争性结合试验表明两株单抗识别不同的抗原结合表位.以（NH4）2SO4盐析法纯化的5C11小鼠腹水单抗包被酶标板,生物素标记纯化的5B7单抗建立了检测ApxⅣ毒素的双抗体夹心ELISA法,其包被单抗最佳工作浓度为4μg/ml,生物素标记单抗最佳工作浓度为0.8μg/mL,对重组表达ApxⅣ毒素（rApxⅣ）的最低检出量为60pg/mL。从10份临床病猪血清样本中检出6份ApxⅣ毒素阳性,与细菌分离鉴定和PCR结果相符合,结果表明此法可用于App感染的临床诊断。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的分离鉴定

采用巧克力琼脂平板从贵州省某养猪场发病猪体分离到3株细菌,经培养特性观察、生化特征检查和血清型鉴定,确定3株分离菌均为猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清7型。经药敏试验显示,分离菌对氨苄西林、硫酸庆大霉素、丙氟哌酸、氟哌酸、头孢三嗪和四环素等药物高度敏感。